summary; recapitulation; aggregation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to be obsessive (about); to be overly concerned (with); to be particular (about); to pay special attention (to); to get stuck; to be obstructed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to borrow; to rent; to hire; to make use of (another's help, wisdom, etc.); to obtain; to use (for another purpose)
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
to harden; to freeze; to put together; to collect; to make secure; to stabilize; to fortify
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to begin to write; to begin writing; to begin to draw; to begin drawing; to begin painting
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
in hand; on hand; on one; handheld
compact disk; CD; cash dispenser; (negotiable) certificate of deposit
to look for; to search for; to go on a spree (spending, reading, etc.); to binge; to fish
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
third-year student; third-year pupil
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one (thin, flat object); one sheet
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to go out for a while