indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
street at night; making a night journey
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
alone; by oneself; on one's own
half-moon; half a month; semicircle
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
light; glow; (a) light; lights; proof (of innocence)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
gait; walk; stride; trace (e.g. of route taken by hunted criminal); track; trail
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
in spite of; despite; although; nonetheless; nevertheless; but
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
noisy; confused; uproarious
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
just like that; quite so; I agree; that street
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
heart; guts; nerve; heart (of something); central part
conspicuously; noticeably; remarkably; strikingly; outstandingly; especially
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to jump up; to spring up; to jump (market, price, etc.); to rise sharply; to act rashly; to jump the gun
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
while; during; while; although; all; both
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)