indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
deep sea; depths of the sea; ocean depths
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
unusual occurrence; variation; mutation
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
living thing; organism; creature; biology
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
since when; from when; how long
existence; being; presence
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
by all rights; properly speaking; legally speaking
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
deterrence; ability to deter (an attack, etc.)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
arbitrator; mediator; go-between
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
to (finally) arrive at; to reach (at last); to (manage to) get to; to find one's way to
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
level; standard; level (amount or quantity); level (plane); level (instrument); spirit level
to notice; to realize; to be attentive; to be scrupulous; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses)