indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
type; style; mold; mould; kata (set sequence of positions and movements in martial arts); style (in kabuki, noh, etc.); convention
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of a visitor's arrival); informing (someone) of a visitor's arrival
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to take (someone to a place); to take (someone) with one; to take along; to lead away
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
... or something (like that); ... or whatever; so-called ...; a certain ...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
maker; manufacturer; producer; producer (of a film, play, etc.)
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
don't you think?; indicates question
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
owner; proprietor; possessor (e.g. of talent, beauty, etc.)
to replace; to convert; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute (person, staff member, player, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)