right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
hello; good day; good afternoon
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
within the story (of a book, play, film, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)
reality; actuality; hard fact
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
just before; just prior to; right in front of; just in front of
instant; moment; for an instant
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
these days; nowadays; recently
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
again; once more; a second time
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
nice to meet you; I'm glad to make your acquaintance; how do you do?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
reading while standing (in a bookstore, etc.); browsing (i.e. reading an item but not buying it)
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)