prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
roaming; loitering; wandering; to be able to loiter; to be able to roam
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
because of; owing to; due to
coming and going; traffic; road; street; association; socializing
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
while; during; while; although; all; both
fast (walking); quick; brisk; quick (passing of time); rapid; swift
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
leading; foremost; preeminent; outstanding; one of the best
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
street; quarter; district; area
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period
stinginess; miserliness; shabby; cheap; petty; narrow-minded
cheating; fraud; trickery; fake; bogus; quack
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
playboy; libertine; (professional) gambler; person without a steady job; idler
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange