opening a business; opening a practice
refining; refinement; smelting; training
outside the country; abroad
outflow; effluence; efflux; outflow (of people, capital, etc.); drain (of gold, talent, etc. from a country); leak (e.g. of personal information)
registration; accession; register; entry; record; subscription
formal; stiff; strict; ceremonious
military force; military strength
fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation
cannot be helped; unavoidable
national certification; national qualification; government certification
nail; spike; tack; rivet; brad; (pachinko) pin
hoop (of a barrel, bucket, etc.); discipline; solidarity
carefully; closely; very; extremely; have no choice; cannot be helped
long time; long interval; for quite some time
kitchen knife; (arch.) cooking; (arch.) food
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
acquisition; obtaining; procurement; getting (hold of)
anguished; distressed; worried; horny
to withstand; to be able to endure
least; lowest; worst; awful; horrible; at the very least
official price; government-imposed price limit
construction; building; newly built ship; new boat; (another's) wife (usu. young); young, unmarried woman; wife of a samurai or wealthy tradesman
to copy; to imitate; to counterfeit; to forge
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
carefree; buoyant; lighthearted; ease
group; body; party; company; troupe; gang
preparations; preliminary arrangements; spade work; mise en place; groundwork
public order; public peace; public security; law and order
serial; cereal; breakfast cereal
engraving a seal; engraved seal; engraving; inscribing; brand (i.e. a mark of disgrace); stamp
certificate; credentials; testimonial
delivery; issuance; handing over; granting
hunting gun (usu. shotgun or rifle)
strict; severe; stringent; rigorous; rigid; firm
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
to fold (clothes, umbrella); to close (a shop, business); to vacate
make; manufacture; -made; made of ...; made in ...
papermaking; paper manufacture
establishment; settlement
long-term storage; long-term preservation