pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.); squash
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
audience (with a superior, e.g. nobility)
hall; saloon; spacious room; reception room
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
head; lead; vanguard; first
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
full dress; formal dress; uniform
so; like this; in this way
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Hamilton (New Zealand); Hamilton
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in one's own way or style
crackling (of fire, fireworks, etc.); sparking; sputtering; to fight; to argue
to compete with; to argue with; to quarrel
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)