illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis); ayu
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
light; lamp; counter for electric lights
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
occasional; infrequent; rare
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to divide; to separate; to share; to distribute; to distinguish
black with hints of blue (as in a bruise); bluish black
hut; house; boarding house; school dormitory; (arch.) one day's march (approx. 12.2 km)
paralysis; palsy; numbness; stupor
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
sluice gate; water gate; flood gate
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
eight; eight years of age; two o'clock (old time system)
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)