chapter one; first chapter
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
mincing; chopping finely; short and repeated (movements) (e.g. trembling, stepping quickly); gradual; bit by bit
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shake; to sway; to waver
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
inside a car (train, bus, etc.)
steam; vapour; vapor; steamboat; steam locomotive
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get cloudy; to cloud over; to cloud up; to fog up; to be gloomy; to be clouded (expression)
gloomy; melancholy; pessimistic
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
in bad shape; not doing well; not going well; out of condition; in poor form
to be able to eat; to be able to swallow
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
consequence; outcome; result; blame
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to shout (in anger); to yell
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
such; like that; that sort of; very
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to assign; to allot; to allocate; to divide among; to distribute; to prorate
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that