childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
ball (for sport, games, etc.); kemari; type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan
complete change; about-face
capital crime; crime resulting in a death penalty
to escape (disaster, death, etc.); to be saved from; to be rescued from; to avoid (e.g. punishment); to evade (e.g. responsibility); to avert
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
end; extremity; limit; result; outcome; upshot
life; lifetime; career; for life; all one's life; throughout one's life
confinement; imprisonment; incarceration
investiture of the Crown Prince
accession to the throne; enthronement
to work assiduously; to give one's all; to make the utmost effort; (lit.) to make (grind) one's body into dust
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
coming; going; being (somewhere); (please) come; go; stay
how many years; how long; what year
to shorten; to cut short; to trim; to cut down on; to reduce; to scrimp on
to maintain itself; to last; to make itself pay; to make a living; to keep going
to be popular; to come into fashion; to be prevalent; to spread widely (e.g. disease); to flourish; to thrive
to die out; to become extinct
two-part latticed shutters where the upper half can be lifted (in traditional Japanese and Chinese architecture)
eaves; narrow aisle surrounding the core of a temple building
to suspend (from); to hang (down); to dangle
early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
calabash (Lagenaria siceraria); bottle gourd; gourd (container); calabash
form; adjective; i-adjective (in Japanese)
dark gray; dark grey; donjiki (clerical dress)
iris (flower); Siberian iris (Iris sanguinea); (arch.) sweet flag (Acorus calamus); (arch.) calamus
to plant; to grow; to insert; to transplant; to inoculate (e.g. an infectious agent); to instill (idea, value, etc.)
life; vitality; verve; vigor; vigour; animation
spread (e.g. of a disease); rampancy; infestation; proliferation; being widespread
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
several people; some people; a few people; a number of people
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
to raise an objection; to voice an opinion different from those of others
to be anxious (about); to be concerned (about); to think out (e.g. a plan); to work out; to investigate
to relax one's mind; to feel relaxed; to become remiss; to cease paying careful attention
to call; to summon; to eat; to drink; to put on; to wear; to buy
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she