library; book collection; paperback book
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
obscene; indecent; lewd; bawdy; loose; improper
contract; compact; agreement
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
ear (of a cereal plant); head; point (of a brush, spear, etc.); tip; crest (of a wave); scion (in grafting)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
our country; our land; one's own country
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to put on weight; to gain weight; to grow fat; to get stout
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
court lady; lady-in-waiting
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to crowd out; to push out; to start together; to set out en masse; to highlight; to draw attention to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
to be shy; to be bashful; to look shy
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case