thought; consideration; thinking
deductive reasoning; deduction
Europe and America; the West
colonization; colonisation
to thrust before; to thrust at
feeling keenly; fully realizing
humanities; liberal arts; social science; literary course; department of literature
(university) president; chancellor; principal; provost
Chen (ancient Chinese state, approx. 1045-479 BCE); Ch'en; Chen dynasty (China, 557-589 BCE); Ch'en dynasty
cum (e.g. bedroom-cum-study); holding both roles (e.g. Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs); and; in addition; concurrently; at the same time
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
Japanese plum (Prunus salicina); Chinese plum
May Fourth Movement (anti-imperialist student demonstration in Beijing on May 4, 1919)
willow (any tree of genus Salix); weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
mourning; abstinence; taboo; religious purification; pure; holy
(arch.) youth; (arch.) freshness; good omen; Sweden; Switzerland
ministry; department; province (of China); saving; conserving
lengthy military expedition; Long March (China, 1934-1936); Long March (series of Chinese launch vehicles)
influenced (by); under an influence
Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang)
to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance
to follow in succession; to happen one after another
to shake; to swing; to sway; to shock
selection (e.g. of poems, texts); anthology; selected extracts
New Democracy (concept devised by Mao Zedong)
southern part; the south (of a region)
rope; cord; line; grand champion's braided belt
at full speed; impetuously; precipitately; headlong
powerful local clan; local strongman
to barricade oneself in; to hold (a fort, etc.); to shut oneself up; to be besieged; to dig in
comeback; recovery; restoration; rally; reflexive (in grammar)