excavation; cutting; digging
Panama Canal; Panaman Canal
failure; mistake; blunder
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption
Noguchi Hideyo (1876-1928)
spirochaete; spirochete; Treponema pallidum (species of spirochaete that causes syphilis, bejel, pinta, and yaws)
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
infection; contagion; becoming infected
pathogenic bacteria; germ; pathogen
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
plague bacillus (Yersinia pestis)
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification
cord; strap; thong; string (of a musical instrument, bow, etc.)
Sirs; Mesdames; around (the time that, etc.); about
pathogenic bacteria; germ; pathogen
counter-current; adverse tide; regurgitation (of blood)
contraction of a disease; morbidity
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
to take home; to carry home; to bring back home; to take out (e.g. food)
one yen; throughout (an area); whole district
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
three generations; third generation immigrant; sansei; the third (e.g. Henry III)
5,000,000; five million; (arch.) many
solely; entirely; only; or
tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti)
to be infected; to be contagious
to inhale; to breathe in; to suck up; to absorb; to soak up
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
contagious disease; communicable disease; transmissible disease; infectious disease; epidemic
bacterium; bacteria; germ
to scatter; to sprinkle; to spray; to lavish (money, charm, etc.)
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant