jpdb beta

(naval) fleet; armada

1

Tokyo Bay

1

dropping anchor

1

Perry; Peli; Pelly; Perri

13

to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide

1

expeditionary force

2

various foreign countries; several foreign countries

1

obstinate; stubborn; mulish; die-hard; bigoted

1

to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)

1

industrialization; industrialisation

1

island country

3

untrodden; unexplored

1

feudal system of the shogunate and domains

1

arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship

1

Millard Fillmore

1

business region; marketing area; commercial sphere; trading area; region in which a business operates

1

Edo shogunate (1603-1867)

1

to threaten; to menace; to frighten (into doing)

2

trade (foreign)

1

gun; cannon; artillery

2

to thrust before; to thrust at

1

bakufu; shogunate

2

conclusion; execution (of a contract); entering (into treaty); fastening (as in a joint)

1

reluctant; unwilling; involuntary; unintentional; unintended; unlooked-for

1

founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion

1

premodern; feudalistic

1

(manufacturing) industry

1

military force; military strength

1

economic strength

1

to pass (a car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to outdistance

1

(one's) military service record

1

slaver; slave trader

1

to be remembered; to go down in history

1

yes and no; for and against

3

world-leading

1

economic superpower; economic powerhouse

1

humiliating

5

one's lifestyle

2

to be angry; to resent; to be enraged; to be indignant

1

boat festival; festival with portable shrines carried on boats

1

black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market

1

national flag

1

signature; signing; sealing

2

warship

1

hazard

1

wasteland; wilderness; abandoned land; devastated land

10

condensation (of ideas, emotions, etc.); condensation (of a vapour or gas)

5

Buddhism

11

Ovid

1

Arthurian legend; legend of King Arthur

2