indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; volume; this; present; main; head
writing vertically; vertical writing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to see; to look; to watch; to try to
model (of machine, device); model of aircraft; type of aircraft
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
difference; variation; difference
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
extra; more; unnecessary; needless; all the more; even more
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to have troubles; to have concerns
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
sense of values; values; value system
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wield; to brandish; to display (one's knowledge); to show off; to abuse (one's power); to manipulate someone
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chip off; to scrape off; to prune
eternal; unlimited; endless
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't you think?; indicates question
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice