island arc; crescent-shaped archipelago
La Pérouse Strait (between Hokkaido and Sakhalin); Sōya Strait
indigenous people; native people; aborigines
early-Meiji administrative unit for Hokkaido (1869-1882)
agricultural soldiers; colonizers; colonisers
new government; new administration
remnants; survivors; refugees; pocket (of resistance)
Enomoto Takeaki (1836.10.5-1908.10.27)
yakiniku; Japanese dish of grilled meat similar to Korean barbecue; roasted meat; grill
recipe; prescription (medical); how-to guide (e.g. crafts)
Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
intensification; aggravation
give up; relinquish; serve up; let loose
European countries; European nations
to turn the rudder of a ship; to change direction (of policy, etc.)
tally; check; piece of wood or paper split in half and given to each party as a form of proof (e.g. of a transaction)
to beat down prices; to strike a hard bargain
future; possible; potential; prospective
entering (the marketplace); introducing (something) to the market; access; visiting a high-class or noble individual
poor business performance; economic slump
high-quality Japanese paper
negotiation team; negotiating body
inside the harbour; inside the harbor
artificial island; man-made island
lump-sum purchase; bulk purchase; group purchase
person concerned; people involved (in an event); those concerned; staff
entry into port; arriving in harbor
departure from a port; leaving port; setting sail