encirclement; encircling net; tight besiegement
founding a temple (on a hill-top)
making use of; application; practical use; operation; handling; steering (esp. a boat)
independent state; independent nation
to assume an aspect; to take on an appearance
again and again; repeatedly
belonging; ascription; attribution; reversion; return; restoration
advice; counsel; remonstrance; recommendation
doing (with resolve); carrying out (e.g. a plan)
to offer; to present; to set someone up in a high position; to revere at a distance; to do respectfully
in swarms; in throngs; in droves; in hordes
to burn down (to the ground); to clear away by burning; to reduce to ashes; to burn off
sage; wise man; wise person; buddha; bodhisattva; enlightened priest
one-by-one; separately; every single; each and every; without omission
state; condition; the way things should be; ideal state; truth
obstacle; impediment; hindrance; handicap; impairment; disability
separation of church and state
interview; audience; meeting; (viewing) party
making light of; thinking little of; slighting; belittling; dismissing; contempt
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
authenticity; credibility
(sense of) rivalry; competitiveness
church; cathedral; chapel
Christian churches built in Japan in the second half of the 16th century
Taishō era (1912.7.30-1926.12.25); Taisho era
(mental) agony; anguish; suffering; distress
meter (in Chinese poetry); consistency
distant (from someone); aloof; estranged; knowing little (of); ill-informed (about); ignorant (of)
praise; extolment; extollment
continuing one's education into university
department of English literature
higher normal school; pre-war public school that trained male teachers