to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to take out (e.g. garbage); to put out (e.g. dishes on table); to serve (e.g. meal); to get out (e.g. food from cupboard); to submit (e.g. ideas, opinions); to provide for
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)
collision; crash; running into; conflict; quarrel; clashing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
interior; inside; internal
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
number one; first; best; most; game; round
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
to be broken; to break; to fall through; to come to nothing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how dare ...; how could ...
what the hell are you saying!?
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
unexpectedly; surprisingly