suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
looking like a ...; acting as if a ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
with a friendly grin; smilingly
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
nonchalantly; calmly; as if nothing happened
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come and stay; to drop in; to visit
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
conquest; subjugation; overcoming
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
treason; treachery; mutiny; rebellion; insurrection
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go past (a place or thing); to go beyond
to lose strength; to become weak; to wither; to droop; to feel demotivated; to lose interest
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to behave like a spoiled child; to fawn on; to take advantage of; to presume upon (e.g. another's benevolence); to depend on
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
exclamation of surprised disappointment, disgust, or worry (yuck, ick, ack, eeew, crap!, blech, gross)
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn