suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
merit; success; meritorious deed; achievement; accumulated experience
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
dad; daddy; papa; pa; pop
mum; mom; mummy; the missus
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings