suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
exhilarating; thrilling; intensely pleasurable
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
something; some kind of; for some reason
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
ago; since; before; previous
I; me; myself; (arch.) we; (arch.) us; (arch.) ourselves
research establishment; research institute; laboratory
to lay waste; to devastate; to invade; to break into; to troll (e.g. web forums); to spam
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
young girl; lass; adolescent female
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial