suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to return to normal; to revert to the starting point; to go back to how it was
serious; not joking; straight
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; how; what (a) ...!; how ...!; surprisingly; to my amazement
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
hateful; abominable; poor-looking; amazing; fantastic; admirable