counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
beach; seashore; captured pieces (in the game of go); captured stones; Yokohama; (arch.) riverbank
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
horn; alarm; whistle; foghorn
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
stopping (of a train, car, etc.); stop
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
great (i.e. great-grandson, great-grandmother)
cheap lodging or flophouse, especially in a skid row area or slum
stopover (during a train or bus journey)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
departure; departing (from ...); sending; sent (by ...); engine; counter for gunshots, bursts of gas, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
departure (of a train, car, etc.); starting; leaving
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to miss (a train, bus, etc.); to fail to keep up with (e.g. the times); to be left behind by
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
please be careful; please take care
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations