indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
report; notification; tip; message (in information and communication theory)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
living thing; living creature; animal; life
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
unidentifiable; unidentified
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
how many people; a number of people
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
notification; official notice; directive (e.g. from higher to lower levels of the administration); being well versed (in); being proficient (in)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
mischief; prank; pastime; hobby; playing with (a lighter, etc.); fooling around with
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
police officer; policeman; constable
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up