light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
loser; defeated person; the defeated
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
will; volition; intention; intent; determination
existing (between); interposition; intervention; involvement
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
management; dealing with; course of events; circumstances; end result (usu. bad); outcome