tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
new moon; first day of the lunar month; (in ancient China) next year's calendar and decrees (distributed by the Emperor at year's end)
(arch.) to be; (arch.) to be (location); sum of money
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
name; given name; first name
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
such ... as; or some such
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
surroundings; environs; circumference
(suffering) damage; injury; harm