yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
counter for nights of a stay; overnight stay; lodging
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
drive; trip by car; to (go for a) drive; to go on a trip by car; to drive (e.g. a car); to drive (innovation, change, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
belt (waist, seat, etc.); strap; belt; zone; drive belt; machine belt
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
absurd; unreasonable; excessive; very; extremely; excessively
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to pass (of time); to elapse
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
poem; poetry; verse; Chinese poem
Island; insula; island; islet
jūbako; multi-tiered food box; heavy; serious; extreme; -fold
acceleration; speeding up
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)