honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
Five Dynasties (of China; 907-979)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
sorry; excuse me; thank you
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to be helpful; to be dependable; to stand by (someone)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
thereabouts; vicinity; that area; that situation; those circumstances
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
adds force or indicates command
by any chance; (should) it happen (that); by some chance
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah