voice; speech; phone (as opposed to a phoneme); speech sound; audio; sound (as opposed to the picture)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
physical condition; state of health; shape
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
owner (esp. of a business)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
suffix for familiar person
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to be found; to be discovered
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?