to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
hometown; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stare (at); to gaze (at); to look hard (at); to watch intently; to fix one's eyes (on)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to find; to discover; to come across; to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
please; if you would; somehow or other; one way or another; whether (or not); if
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ceremony; matter; affair; with regard to; as for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to keep secret; to conceal
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah