may I come in?; please forgive me; I'm sorry
congratulation; celebration
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
landowner; landlord; landlady
manager; steward; factotum; useful person
account book; register; ledger
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
alteration; falsification; faking
family name; house name; family honour; family honor
extinction; discontinuation; severance; rupture; to become extinct; to cease to exist
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to be on the verge of; to be about to; to be on the point of
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
notebook; account book; register
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
false accusations; unfounded suspicion; groundless charge; wet clothes
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to put clothes on (someone); to dress; to cover; to coat; to pin (e.g. a crime on someone); to lay (blame)
one tenth; one hundredth; one percent; one tenth of a sun; one quarter ryō (an old coin)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do