war; fighting; fierce competition
by means of; due to; because of; according to
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
westernmost tip (point, extremity, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
antiques; old works of art
elegance; grace; article; item; counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant)
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
portrait; likeness; picture
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this occasion; at this time; now
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
discovery; detection; finding
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
judgement; judgment; expert opinion; appraisal
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
February; second month of the lunar calendar
twenty-sixth day of the month; twenty-six days
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
land made arable by the slash-and-burn method; swidden; slash-and-burn farming
opening to the public (e.g. garden, etc.); read permission: anybody
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
good bye; I'm off; see you later
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation