telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in any case; regardless; either way; since it makes no difference anyway (you might as well ...); since it won't change the outcome; if you are doing it regardless
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
long ago; a long time ago; already
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
idiot; moron; stupid; foolish; trivial; insignificant; malfunctioning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
leap; jump; stepping out into the wider world; becoming active on a wider stage; rapid progress; dramatic development
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)