pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
worn-out; ragged; crumbling; dry and crumbly; falling (in drops or clumps); scattering
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
alumni association; graduates' association; alumni meeting; class reunion
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
participation; joining; entry; adherence
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
hummingbird (Trochilidae family)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such; like that; that sort of; very
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!