towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
throughout; over a period of ...; over a span of ...
capture (of enemy territory); taking (by storm); defeating (an opponent); attacking (a problem) strategically
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
peace (esp. of the world); tranquillity; calm
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
exceptional; unusual; extraordinary; unprecedented; singular
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
government service; official position; civil service
to grant; to give; to confer; to teach; to instruct; to impart (knowledge)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
preparation; arrangements
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
(your) business; (your) concern; (customer's) order; official business (of the government, Imperial Court, etc.); arrest; capture
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
reason; logic; sense; natural way of things
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
by all means; at all costs; absolutely
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to say; to be called; to do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
general; admiral; head; chief; old chap; mate
to appoint; to nominate; to assume (responsibility); to pose as
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)