indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
how; in what way; how about
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mouthful; morsel; gulp; sip; one word; in short
to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to dabble in; to have a smattering of
trace; tracks; site; remains; scar
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
judgement; judgment; expert opinion; appraisal
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
establishing; proving; ascertaining; identifying; confirming
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
so what!; who gives a damn?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
such; like that; that sort of; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to relate to; to have one's feelings understood
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
to get along (with someone); to be like-minded; to be congenial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
no!; no no!; no, not at all
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely