what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
appearing for the first time (esp. vocabulary, kanji, etc. in a school textbook)
to have a talk; to tell a story
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to catch; to stop the blow; to react to; to take (advice, etc.); to accept
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to get along; to add (one's own concordant voice, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
honorific/polite/humble prefix
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!