eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
how; in what way; how about
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
way; method; means; resource; course
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.); don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to; must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
better; preferable; more; increase; (arch.) increase; (arch.) growth
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that day; the very same day
taking care of one's health; recuperation; covering (with a protective material); coating; curing (concrete)
subordinate work; assistant; servant
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to take into one's possession; to receive; to take into one's care (e.g. person, pet); to take custody of; to leave; to go away
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend