teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
skillful; skilful; delicious; tasty; good (deal, idea, etc.); profitable
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to take (something) along; to bring with one; to carry (something) away; to bear
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
zealous; enthusiastic; ardent; fervent; keen; eager
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
clapping one's hands in prayer (at a shrine)
to be crowded with people; to be bustling with; to prosper; to flourish; to do thriving business
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
gentle; quiet; mild; quiet (color, pattern, etc.); sober
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
as you were; return to your original position!; er, rather
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
Perry Expedition (1853); arrival of the Black Ships
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
front-facing; forward-looking; positive; constructive
han (estate of a daimyo in the Edo and early Meiji periods); feudal domain; fief; province
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(making a) lesson (of); (setting an) example; warning
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)