spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
koban; small oval gold coin used in the Edo period; oval; elliptical; small size (of paper)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take something into ...; to bring in; to lodge (a complaint); to file (a plan); to bring to (a state: tied game, vote, trial, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be crushed; to be smashed; to become useless; to cease functioning; to go bankrupt; to go out of business
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
(husked grains of) rice; staple (product, etc.); necessity
stamp (postage); merchandise certificate
to turn one's hand to; to reach out one's hand; to get involved in; to make a move on; to strike; to beat
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
even; even if; even though; because of; on the grounds that
peace; security; tranquility; tranquillity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
to appear on the market; to be in season (e.g. fruit); to circulate widely; to make the rounds; to go around
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally