northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis); female hawk (or falcon); falconry (using a northern goshawk)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seed (e.g. of a plant); pip; material (e.g. for an article); matter (e.g. of a story); ingredient; leaven (bread); cause
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
small; small-sized; small-scale; miniature
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
predation; eating prey; preying upon
to surpass; to outstrip; to excel
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
training; drill; practice; discipline
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
each encampment; strong (wind); fierce; intermittent
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
dry riverbed; river beach
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
suffix for familiar person
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience