end-blown flute (esp. the recorder)
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
honorific/polite/humble prefix
bath; bathing; bathhouse; public bath; room for drying lacquerware; base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
exactly; precisely; just; just (like); as if; as though
salaried; paid; with pay; paid vacation; paid holiday; paid leave
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
then; well; so; well then
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
now; the present time; just now; another; more
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...