indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to see; to witness; to observe; to catch sight of; to get a glimpse of; to encounter
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo)
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
(police) detective; criminal matter
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
article; news story; report; account
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
moving from place to place; being passed around repeatedly; rolling about
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
now; the present time; just now; another; more
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
station (esp. a police station); office (e.g. tax office)
police affairs; military police
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
outside (e.g. of a building); exterior; outside (of a group, company, etc.); outside world
to talk; to chat; to chatter
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
investigator (usu. of criminal cases)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others