to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
grandfather; male senior-citizen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
tomoe; heraldic design composed of two or more interlocked comma-shaped figures
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to emerge
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question