Japanese yam (Dioscorea japonica)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
feeling; sense; impression
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
way of saying (something); way of putting it; wording; phrasing; language; expression
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
emergency; extreme; great; extraordinary
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
manner; way; appearance; air; custom; convention; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
extremely; very; really; super; so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
readiness; (mental) preparedness; resolution; determination; resignation (to one's fate)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
part-time job; side job; part-time worker; part-timer
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!