indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
love; romance; tender passion; emotion; affections
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
nth-year student; nth-year pupil
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
liking very much; loving (something or someone); adoring; being very fond of
a little over; a little more than; strength; the strong; powerhouse; one of the biggest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to scold; to chide; to rebuke; to reprimand
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
number one; first; best; most; game; round
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
time; hour; period; class
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
obedient; meek; honest; frank; straight (e.g. hair); without peculiarity
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
well, ...; right, ...; so; then; that way (would mean ...); if that is the case
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh