indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wide open sky; the blue; heavens; firmament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put back up; to stand back up; to restore (to former strength); to revive (e.g. the economy); to make again (a plan, policy, etc.); to reformulate
speedy; as rapid as possible; as soon as possible
public funds; public money
repayment; reimbursement; refund; redemption
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
to dispel; to clear away; to accomplish a goal; (arch.) to make it sunny; (arch.) to make clouds disappear
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
small and medium-sized enterprises; small and medium-sized businesses
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
will; resolution; kindness; goodwill; gift (as a token of gratitude)
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
standard; basis; criterion; norm; reference; datum
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
commander-in-chief; leader; head of a group of companies
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
merger (of companies, towns, etc.); combination; union; amalgamation; consolidation; coalition
modular bath; prefabricated bath
bank; banking institution
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
emperor (of Japan); mikado
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
water caltrop; water chestnut; caltrop (weapon)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
birth; creation; formation