indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
group with a common interest (e.g. students); club (e.g. company sports club); circle; circle (shape)
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to swell; to rise; to bulge; to rouse; to get excited
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
spicy; hot; salty; harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); painful
two persons; two people; pair; couple
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
loss; waste (e.g. of time); feeling of loss; Los Angeles; L.A.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
honorific; term of respect; polite expression; honorific language
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
habit (usu. a bad one); tendency; peculiarity; idiosyncrasy; crease; wrinkle
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
assistant; helper; assistant (to a professor); research assistant
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
sorry; excuse me; thank you
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto, Cleyera japonica); evergreen (esp. one planted or used at a shrine)
word; term; language; speech
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
Johann Joachim Winckelmann
classical antiquity; Greek and Roman eras
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
professor; teaching; instruction
authority; power; influence; (an) authority (on); expert
the front (of a battlefield); forefront
wish; desire; ambition; choice