indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
answering machine; answerphone
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
lagoon; inlet; creek; tidal beach; tidal flat
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
last week; the week before
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
in that way; thus; so; so?